How words and characters are counted
Words are counted the way Microsoft Word and Google Docs count them: runs of text separated by spaces or line breaks that contain at least one letter or digit. A hyphenated word such as well-known or e-mail counts as one, and a dash standing on its own counts as none. Chinese, Japanese and Thai are written without spaces, so for those the browser's own word segmenter (Intl.Segmenter) splits the text into words.
Characters are counted as you see them (grapheme clusters), so an emoji with a skin tone or an accented letter typed as two code points counts as one. Without spaces leaves out spaces, tabs and line breaks. Numbers such as 2026 or 3.5 count as words, as they do in Word. Sentences come from the browser's sentence segmenter, and paragraphs are non-empty lines.